{"id":12337,"date":"2025-03-31T09:27:26","date_gmt":"2025-03-31T09:27:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/?p=12337"},"modified":"2025-04-11T13:10:43","modified_gmt":"2025-04-11T13:10:43","slug":"the-influence-of-creditors-and-the-judge-commissioner-on-the-liquidation-of-the-bankruptcy-estate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/the-influence-of-creditors-and-the-judge-commissioner-on-the-liquidation-of-the-bankruptcy-estate\/","title":{"rendered":"The influence of creditors and the judge-commissioner on the liquidation of the bankruptcy estate"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The bankruptcy process in the Polish legal system is a procedure aimed at satisfying the claims of creditors and organizing the financial situation of the debtor. Liquidation of the bankruptcy estate is one of the key elements of this process, as we mentioned in one of the previous articles. The course of the bankruptcy estate liquidation depends to a large extent on the activity of the creditors and the role of the Judge-Commissioner. In this article, we will discuss how these two parties affect the implementation of the bankruptcy estate liquidation process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/bankruptcy-estate-methods-of-liquidation-of-assets-in-bankruptcy-proceedings\/\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"827\" height=\"354\" src=\"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Posty-na-strone-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12343\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Posty-na-strone-1.png 827w, https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Posty-na-strone-1-300x128.png 300w, https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Posty-na-strone-1-768x329.png 768w, https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Posty-na-strone-1-18x8.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 827px) 100vw, 827px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Contents:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-aioseo-table-of-contents\"><ul><li><a href=\"#aioseo-kilka-slow-o-artykule-posluchaj\">A few words about the article - Listen<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#aioseo-rola-wierzycieli-w-likwidacji-masy-upadlosci\">The role of creditors in the liquidation of the bankruptcy estate<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#aioseo-zgromadzenie-wierzycieli\">1. Meeting of creditors<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#aioseo-rada-wierzycieli\">2. Creditors&#039; Council<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#aioseo-rola-sedziego-komisarza-w-procesie-likwidacji\">The role of the judge commissioner in the liquidation process<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#aioseo-likwidacja-masy-upadlosci-w-ramach-tzw-uproszczonych-postepowan-konsumenckich\">Liquidation of bankruptcy estate within the framework of so-called simplified consumer proceedings<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#aioseo-podsumowanie\">Summary<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\" id=\"aioseo-kilka-slow-o-artykule-posluchaj\">A few words about the article - Listen<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><audio src=\"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Czy-fundacja-rodzinna-moze-prowadzic-dzialalnosc-1.mp3\"><\/audio><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-audio\"><audio controls src=\"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Wplyw-wierzycieli-i-Sedziego-komisarza-na-likwidac.mp3\"><\/audio><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-rola-wierzycieli-w-likwidacji-masy-upadlosci\"><a><strong>The role of creditors in the liquidation of the bankruptcy estate<\/strong><\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Creditors are a fundamental element of the bankruptcy process, as it is their interests that are protected during the liquidation of the bankruptcy estate. In principle, creditors can participate in the bankruptcy process at various stages, and their actions have a significant impact on decisions made in the management of the bankruptcy estate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/can-a-creditor-file-for-bankruptcy-of-debtor-2\/\" title=\"\">Creditors<\/a>, in addition to having the right to file complaints against decisions issued in bankruptcy proceedings, they may, among other things, request that doubts be resolved as to which of the items belonging to the bankrupt are part of the bankruptcy estate. In addition, a creditor may participate in the meeting of creditors or be a member of the Council of Creditors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-zgromadzenie-wierzycieli\">1. <a><strong>Creditors&#039; Meeting<\/strong><\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The creditors&#039; meeting is one of the collegial bodies of bankruptcy proceedings, whose task is to ensure that creditors directly participate in the activities of bankruptcy proceedings and enable them to influence their course. Although it is a statutory body of bankruptcy proceedings, it is not an indispensable body without which bankruptcy proceedings cannot proceed, because creditors can also be represented by a creditors&#039; council. The tasks of the creditors&#039; meeting include protecting the interests of all creditors. On the basis of a resolution of the creditors&#039; council, it is possible, for example, to exclude a component of the bankrupt&#039;s property from the bankruptcy estate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-rada-wierzycieli\">2. <a><strong>Creditors&#039; Council<\/strong><\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The creditors&#039; council undoubtedly has broader competences in terms of influencing the manner of liquidation of the bankruptcy estate.<strong>.<\/strong> The creditors\u2019 council is a procedural body appointed by the Judge-Commissioner or at the request (of the bankrupt or eligible creditors). <a href=\"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/how-can-i-influence-the-course-of-bankruptcy-proceedings\/\" title=\"\">Creditors&#039; Council<\/a> is not a mandatory body of proceedings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The main tasks of the creditors&#039; council include:<br>providing assistance to the trustee, monitoring his\/her activities, examining the state of the bankruptcy estate funds, granting permission for activities that may only be performed with the permission of the creditors\u2019 committee, and expressing an opinion on other matters if requested by the judge-commissioner or the trustee. In addition, the creditors\u2019 committee may request explanations from the bankrupt and the trustee and examine the books and documents relating to the bankruptcy to the extent that this does not violate business secrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>The key to conducting bankruptcy proceedings is the issuance by the creditors\u2019 committee of permission to perform the following activities:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1) further management of the enterprise by the trustee, if it is to last longer than three months from the date of declaration of bankruptcy;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2) withdrawal from the sale of the enterprise as a whole;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3) sale of property included in the bankruptcy estate without notice;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4) taking out loans or credits and encumbering the bankrupt\u2019s assets with limited property rights;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5) recognition, waiver and conclusion of a settlement regarding disputed claims and submission of the dispute to an arbitration court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The above consent is not required if the above actions must be performed immediately and they concern a value not exceeding PLN 10,000. Additionally, the consent of the creditors&#039; committee is not required in the case of:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 sale of movable property, if the estimated value of all movable property included in the bankruptcy estate, as indicated in the inventory, does not exceed the equivalent of PLN 50,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 sale of receivables and other rights if the nominal value of all receivables and other rights included in the bankruptcy estate, as indicated in the list of receivables, does not exceed the equivalent of PLN 50,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/the-role-of-the-judge-commissioner-in-bankruptcy-proceedings\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"827\" height=\"354\" src=\"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Posty-na-strone-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12354\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Posty-na-strone-2.png 827w, https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Posty-na-strone-2-300x128.png 300w, https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Posty-na-strone-2-768x329.png 768w, https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Posty-na-strone-2-18x8.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 827px) 100vw, 827px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-rola-sedziego-komisarza-w-procesie-likwidacji\"><a><strong>Role<\/strong><\/a> <strong>Judge-commissioner in the liquidation process<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The judge commissioner is a person who holds a key position in bankruptcy proceedings, whose task is to supervise the course of the process and ensure compliance of actions with the law. The role of the judge commissioner in the process of liquidation of the bankruptcy estate is invaluable, because he decides on many aspects of the proceedings. He is responsible for managing the entire process, ensuring compliance of actions with the law and taking care of the interests of all participants in the proceedings, including creditors and the debtor<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is the judge-commissioner who performs the activities reserved for the creditors\u2019 committee if the committee fails to perform them within the time limit set by the judge-commissioner or within the time limit specified in the regulations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As mentioned earlier, however, the creditors&#039; council does not have to be appointed in bankruptcy proceedings. In such a case, the activities reserved for the creditors&#039; council are performed by the judge-commissioner, and thus directly influence the form and manner of liquidation of the bankruptcy estate. It is also the judge-commissioner who approves the terms of the tender or auction and approves the selection of the bidder made by the trustee during the conducted auction or tender.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In order to ensure the efficient liquidation of the bankruptcy estate, the judge-commissioner and the creditors\u2019 committee shall consider the application for consent to a specific method of liquidation no later than within two weeks from the date of presentation of the application to them by the trustee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The judge-commissioner may stay the liquidation of the bankruptcy estate until the decision declaring bankruptcy becomes final.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is worth noting that the Judge-Commissioner also has the option of excluding certain assets from the bankruptcy estate, including real estate or a fraction thereof, if they cannot be disposed of in accordance with the provisions of the Bankruptcy Law, and their continued presence in the bankruptcy estate would be detrimental to the creditors due to the burden of the related costs on the bankruptcy estate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-likwidacja-masy-upadlosci-w-ramach-tzw-uproszczonych-postepowan-konsumenckich\"><a><strong>Liquidation of bankruptcy estate within the framework of so-called simplified consumer proceedings<\/strong><\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Due to the fact that consumer bankruptcy proceedings can be conducted in the so-called simplified procedure, the legislator has provided certain simplifications in the scope of liquidation of the bankruptcy estate components. The main responsibility for choosing the method of liquidation of assets, which is to ensure the fullest possible satisfaction of creditors, taking into account the costs that will be associated with it, has been transferred to the trustee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/contact\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"775\" height=\"185\" src=\"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/04-bezplatna-konsultacja.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12238\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/04-bezplatna-konsultacja.jpg 775w, https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/04-bezplatna-konsultacja-300x72.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/04-bezplatna-konsultacja-768x183.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/04-bezplatna-konsultacja-18x4.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 775px) 100vw, 775px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The legislator granted <a href=\"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/who-is-who-in-restructuring-and-bankruptcy-proceedings-part-2\/\" title=\"\">the trustee&#039;s right<\/a> to freely decide on the liquidation of assets (excluding real estate) whose estimated value indicated in the inventory does not exceed five times the average monthly salary in the enterprise sector, excluding bonuses from profit, in the third quarter of the year preceding the submission of the inventory, announced by the President of the Central Statistical Office - as at the date of preparation of this article, this would be an amount not exceeding PLN 41,331.50.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In relation to the liquidation of real estate and other assets whose estimated value exceeds the above amount, the trustee is obliged to notify the creditors and the court of the proposed method of liquidation and the minimum price of the assets. In response to such a notification, by way of a complaint or ex officio, the court may prohibit the liquidation in the manner proposed by the trustee. Such a decision may be made if the liquidation would be unlawful or would lead to the detriment of the bankrupt or the creditors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Referring the bankrupt to the so-called simplified procedure does not completely exclude the possibility of establishing a creditors&#039; council in such proceedings and taking into account its influence on the course of the proceedings. Nevertheless, the intention of the legislator in distinguishing two modes of conducting consumer proceedings, leads to the assumption that it is the proceedings conducted according to general provisions (i.e. provisions that are applied in economic proceedings) that are characterized by a higher degree of complexity and require a higher scope of supervision by the bodies of the proceedings. Therefore, it is in such proceedings that a creditors&#039; council could appear and it is it, together with the Judge-Commissioner, that would mainly decide on the form of liquidation activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/simplified-restructuring\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"775\" height=\"185\" src=\"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/01-upadlosc-gospodarcza.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11827\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/01-upadlosc-gospodarcza.jpg 775w, https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/01-upadlosc-gospodarcza-300x72.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/01-upadlosc-gospodarcza-768x183.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/01-upadlosc-gospodarcza-18x4.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 775px) 100vw, 775px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><strong>Cooperation between creditors and the judge commissioner<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Proper cooperation between creditors and the Judge Commissioner is crucial for the efficient liquidation of the bankruptcy estate. Creditors, representing their interests, and the Judge Commissioner, as the supervisor of the process, should strive to achieve a common goal - the maximum satisfaction of creditors&#039; claims while maintaining the principles of proper conduct. In this context, transparency, communication and mutual respect are the foundations of efficiently conducted bankruptcy proceedings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-podsumowanie\"><a><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The bankruptcy estate liquidation process is a complex proceeding that depends on the activity of creditors and the role of the Judge Commissioner. Creditors have an influence on decisions regarding the management of the bankrupt&#039;s assets and can submit their claims and arrangement proposals, while the Judge Commissioner performs a supervisory function, ensuring that the process complies with the law and the interests of all parties. The joint action of both groups is necessary for the effective liquidation of the bankruptcy estate and the satisfaction of creditors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/about-us\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"775\" height=\"185\" src=\"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/22-o-nas.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11829\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/22-o-nas.jpg 775w, https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/22-o-nas-300x72.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/22-o-nas-768x183.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/22-o-nas-18x4.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 775px) 100vw, 775px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Proces upad\u0142o\u015bciowy w polskim systemie prawnym stanowi procedur\u0119 maj\u0105c\u0105 na celu zaspokojenie roszcze\u0144 wierzycieli oraz uporz\u0105dkowanie sytuacji finansowej d\u0142u\u017cnika. Likwidacja masy upad\u0142o\u015bci to jeden z kluczowych element\u00f3w tego procesu, o czym wspominali\u015bmy w jednym z poprzednich artyku\u0142\u00f3w. Przebieg likwidacji masy upad\u0142o\u015bci zale\u017cy w du\u017cej mierze od aktywno\u015bci wierzycieli oraz roli S\u0119dziego-komisarza. W niniejszym artykule om\u00f3wimy, jak te dwie strony wp\u0142ywaj\u0105 na realizacj\u0119 procesu likwidacji maj\u0105tku upad\u0142ego. Spis tre\u015bci: Kilka s\u0142\u00f3w o artykule- Pos\u0142uchaj Rola wierzycieli w likwidacji masy upad\u0142o\u015bci Wierzyciele stanowi\u0105 podstawowy element procesu upad\u0142o\u015bciowego, poniewa\u017c to ich interesy s\u0105 chronione w toku likwidacji masy upad\u0142o\u015bci. Zasadniczo wierzyciele mog\u0105 bra\u0107 udzia\u0142 w procesie upad\u0142o\u015bciowym na r\u00f3\u017cnych etapach, a ich dzia\u0142ania maj\u0105 istotny wp\u0142yw na decyzje podejmowane w zakresie zarz\u0105dzania mas\u0105 upad\u0142o\u015bciow\u0105. Wierzyciele, opr\u00f3cz posiadania uprawnienia do sk\u0142adania za\u017cale\u0144 na postanowienia wydawane w post\u0119powaniu upad\u0142o\u015bciowym mog\u0105 m.in. wnosi\u0107 o rozstrzygni\u0119cie w\u0105tpliwo\u015bci co do tego, kt\u00f3re z przedmiot\u00f3w nale\u017c\u0105cych do upad\u0142ego wchodz\u0105 w sk\u0142ad masy upad\u0142o\u015bci. Ponadto wierzyciel mo\u017ce uczestniczy\u0107&nbsp; w zgromadzeniu wierzycieli lub by\u0107 cz\u0142onkiem Rady wierzycieli. 1. Zgromadzenie wierzycieli Zgromadzenie wierzycieli jest jednym z kolegialnych organ\u00f3w post\u0119powania upad\u0142o\u015bciowego, kt\u00f3rego zadaniem jest zapewnienie wierzycielom bezpo\u015bredniego uczestnictwa w czynno\u015bciach post\u0119powania upad\u0142o\u015bciowego i umo\u017cliwienie wp\u0142ywania na jego bieg. Pomimo \u017ce stanowi ustawowy organ post\u0119powania upad\u0142o\u015bciowego, nie jest organem niezb\u0119dnym, bez kt\u00f3rego post\u0119powanie upad\u0142o\u015bciowe nie mo\u017ce si\u0119 toczy\u0107, bowiem reprezentacja wierzycieli mo\u017ce odbywa\u0107 si\u0119 tak\u017ce poprzez rad\u0119 wierzycieli. Do zada\u0144 zgromadzenia wierzycieli nale\u017cy ochrona interes\u00f3w wszystkich wierzycieli. Na podstawie uchwa\u0142y rady wierzycieli mo\u017cliwe jest np. wy\u0142\u0105czenie z masy upad\u0142o\u015bci sk\u0142adnika mienia upad\u0142ego. 2. Rada wierzycieli Szersze kompetencje w zakresie wp\u0142ywu na spos\u00f3b likwidacji masy upad\u0142o\u015bci niew\u0105tpliwe posiada rada wierzycieli. Rada wierzycieli jest organem post\u0119powania powo\u0142ywanym przez S\u0119dziego-Komisarza lub na wniosek (upad\u0142ego lub uprawnionych wierzycieli). Rada wierzycieli nie jest obligatoryjnym organem post\u0119powania. Do g\u0142\u00f3wnych zada\u0144 rady wierzycieli nale\u017cyudzielanie pomocy syndykowi, kontrolowanie jego czynno\u015bci, badanie stan fundusz\u00f3w masy upad\u0142o\u015bci, udzielanie zezwolenia na czynno\u015bci, kt\u00f3re mog\u0105 by\u0107 dokonane tylko za zezwoleniem rady wierzycieli, oraz wyra\u017canie opini\u0119 w innych sprawach, je\u017celi tego za\u017c\u0105da s\u0119dzia-komisarz lub syndyk. Ponadto rada wierzycieli mo\u017ce \u017c\u0105da\u0107 od upad\u0142ego oraz syndyka wyja\u015bnie\u0144 oraz bada\u0107 ksi\u0119gi i dokumenty dotycz\u0105ce upad\u0142o\u015bci w zakresie, w jakim nie narusza to tajemnicy przedsi\u0119biorstwa. Kluczowe dla prowadzenia post\u0119powania upad\u0142o\u015bciowego jest wydanie przez rade wierzycieli zezwolenia na dokonanie nast\u0119puj\u0105cych czynno\u015bci: 1) dalsze prowadzenie przedsi\u0119biorstwa przez syndyka, je\u017celi ma trwa\u0107 d\u0142u\u017cej ni\u017c trzy miesi\u0105ce od dnia og\u0142oszenia upad\u0142o\u015bci; 2) odst\u0105pienie od sprzeda\u017cy przedsi\u0119biorstwa jako ca\u0142o\u015bci; 3) sprzeda\u017c z wolnej r\u0119ki mienia wchodz\u0105cego w sk\u0142ad masy upad\u0142o\u015bci; 4) zaci\u0105ganie po\u017cyczek lub kredyt\u00f3w oraz obci\u0105\u017cenie maj\u0105tku upad\u0142ego ograniczonymi prawami rzeczowymi; 5) uznanie, zrzeczenie si\u0119 i zawarcie ugody co do roszcze\u0144 spornych oraz poddanie sporu rozstrzygni\u0119ciu s\u0105du polubownego. Powy\u017csza zgoda nie jest wymagana, je\u015bli w\/w czynno\u015bci musz\u0105 zosta\u0107 wykonane niezw\u0142ocznie i dotycz\u0105 one warto\u015bci nieprzewy\u017cszaj\u0105cej 10.000 z\u0142otych. Dodatkowo zgoda rady wierzycieli nie jest wymagana w przypadku: &#8211; sprzeda\u017cy ruchomo\u015bci, je\u017celi wskazana w spisie inwentarza warto\u015b\u0107 oszacowania wszystkich ruchomo\u015bci wchodz\u0105cych w sk\u0142ad masy upad\u0142o\u015bci nie przekracza r\u00f3wnowarto\u015bci 50&nbsp;000 z\u0142. &#8211; sprzeda\u017c wierzytelno\u015bci oraz innych praw, je\u017celi wskazana w spisie nale\u017cno\u015bci warto\u015b\u0107 nominalna wszystkich wierzytelno\u015bci oraz innych praw wchodz\u0105cych w sk\u0142ad masy upad\u0142o\u015bci nie przekracza r\u00f3wnowarto\u015bci 50&nbsp;000 z\u0142. Rola S\u0119dziego komisarza w procesie likwidacji S\u0119dzia komisarz to osoba pe\u0142ni\u0105ca kluczow\u0105 funkcj\u0119 w post\u0119powaniu upad\u0142o\u015bciowym, kt\u00f3rej zadaniem jest nadz\u00f3r nad przebiegiem procesu oraz zapewnienie zgodno\u015bci dzia\u0142a\u0144 z przepisami prawa. Rola S\u0119dziego komisarza w procesie likwidacji masy upad\u0142o\u015bciowej jest nieoceniona, poniewa\u017c to on decyduje o wielu aspektach post\u0119powania. Jest on odpowiedzialny za zarz\u0105dzanie ca\u0142ym procesem, zapewniaj\u0105c zgodno\u015b\u0107 dzia\u0142a\u0144 z przepisami prawa oraz dba\u0142o\u015b\u0107 o interesy wszystkich uczestnik\u00f3w post\u0119powania, w tym wierzycieli i d\u0142u\u017cnika To S\u0119dzia-komisarz wykonuje czynno\u015bci zastrze\u017cone dla rady wierzycieli, je\u017celi rada nie wykona ich w terminie wyznaczonym przez s\u0119dziego-komisarza lub w terminie okre\u015blonym w przepisach. Jak ju\u017c wspomniano wcze\u015bniej, rada wierzycieli nie musi jednak zosta\u0107 powo\u0142ania w post\u0119powaniu upad\u0142o\u015bciowym. W\u00f3wczas czynno\u015bci zastrze\u017cone dla rady wierzycieli wykonuje s\u0119dzia-komisarz, a zatem bezpo\u015brednio wp\u0142ywa na kszta\u0142t i spos\u00f3b likwidacji masy upad\u0142o\u015bci. To tak\u017ce S\u0119dzia-komisarz zatwierdza warunki przetargu lub aukcji oraz zatwierdza wyb\u00f3r oferenta dokonanego przez syndyk w toku przeprowadzonej aukcji lub przetargu. Celem zapewnienia sprawno\u015bci przebiegu procesu likwidacji masy upad\u0142o\u015bci S\u0119dzia-komisarz i rada wierzycieli rozpoznaj\u0105 wniosek o wyra\u017cenie zgody na okre\u015blony spos\u00f3b likwidacji nie p\u00f3\u017aniej ni\u017c w terminie dw\u00f3ch tygodni od dnia przedstawienia im wniosku przez syndyka. S\u0119dzia-komisarz mo\u017ce wstrzyma\u0107 likwidacj\u0119 masy upad\u0142o\u015bci do czasu uprawomocnienia si\u0119 postanowienia o og\u0142oszeniu upad\u0142o\u015bci. Warto zaznaczy\u0107, i\u017c S\u0119dzia-Komisarz posiada tak\u017ce mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 wy\u0142\u0105czenia okre\u015blonych sk\u0142adnik\u00f3w maj\u0105tku z masy upad\u0142o\u015bci, w tym nieruchomo\u015b\u0107 lub jej u\u0142amkow\u0105 cz\u0119\u015b\u0107, je\u017celi nie uda si\u0119 ich zby\u0107 z zachowaniem przepis\u00f3w Prawa upad\u0142o\u015bciowego, a dalsze pozostawanie tych sk\u0142adnik\u00f3w maj\u0105tku w masie upad\u0142o\u015bci by\u0142oby niekorzystne dla wierzycieli z uwagi na obci\u0105\u017cenie masy upad\u0142o\u015bci zwi\u0105zanymi z tym kosztami. Likwidacja masy upad\u0142o\u015bci w ramach tzw. uproszczonych post\u0119powa\u0144 konsumenckich W zwi\u0105zku z faktem, i\u017c post\u0119powania upad\u0142o\u015bciowe konsument\u00f3w mog\u0105 by\u0107 prowadzone w tzw. trybie uproszczonym, ustawodawca przewidzia\u0142 pewne uproszczenia w zakresie likwidacji sk\u0142adnik\u00f3w masy upad\u0142o\u015bci. To na syndyka zosta\u0142a przeniesiona tutaj g\u0142\u00f3wna odpowiedzialno\u015b\u0107 za wyb\u00f3r sposobu likwidacji sk\u0142adnik\u00f3w maj\u0105tkowych, kt\u00f3ry ma zapewni\u0107 jak najpe\u0142niejsze zaspokojenie wierzycieli przy uwzgl\u0119dnieniu koszt\u00f3w jakie b\u0119d\u0105 z tym zwi\u0105zane. Ustawodawca nada\u0142 syndykowi uprawnienie do swobodnego decydowania o likwidacji sk\u0142adnik\u00f3w (z wy\u0142\u0105czeniem nieruchomo\u015bci), kt\u00f3rych warto\u015b\u0107 oszacowania wskazana w spisie inwentarza nie przekracza pi\u0119ciokrotno\u015bci przeci\u0119tnego miesi\u0119cznego wynagrodzenia w sektorze przedsi\u0119biorstw bez wyp\u0142at nagr\u00f3d z zysku w trzecim kwartale roku poprzedzaj\u0105cego z\u0142o\u017cenie spisu inwentarza, og\u0142oszonego przez Prezesa G\u0142\u00f3wnego Urz\u0119du Statystycznego \u2013 na dzie\u0144 sporz\u0105dzenia niniejszego artyku\u0142u by\u0142aby to kwota nieprzekraczaj\u0105ca 41.331,50 z\u0142. W odniesieniu natomiast do likwidacji nieruchomo\u015bci oraz pozosta\u0142ych sk\u0142adnik\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rych warto\u015b\u0107 oszacowania przekracza w\/w kwot\u0119, syndyk zmuszony jest zawiadomi\u0107 &nbsp;wierzycieli oraz s\u0105d o proponowanym sposobie likwidacji oraz o minimalnej cenie sk\u0142adnik\u00f3w. W reakcji na takie zawiadomienie w drodze skargi lub z urz\u0119du, s\u0105d mo\u017ce zakaza\u0107 dokonania likwidacji w zaproponowany przez syndyka spos\u00f3b. Decyzja taka mo\u017ce zapa\u015b\u0107 w przypadku, gdy likwidacja by\u0142aby niezgodna z prawem albo prowadzi\u0142aby do pokrzywdzenia upad\u0142ego lub wierzycieli. Skierowanie upad\u0142ego do tzw. trybu uproszczonego nie wy\u0142\u0105cza ca\u0142kowicie mo\u017cliwo\u015bci ustanowienia rady wierzycieli w takim postepowaniu i uwzgl\u0119dniania jej wp\u0142ywu na przebieg post\u0119powania. Niemniej jednak intencj\u0105 ustawodawcy przy wyodr\u0119bnieniu dw\u00f3ch tryb\u00f3w prowadzenia post\u0119powa\u0144 konsumenckich, sk\u0142ania ku przyj\u0119ciu za\u0142o\u017cenia, \u017ce<\/p>","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[35],"class_list":["post-12337","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog"],"authors":[{"term_id":35,"user_id":16,"is_guest":0,"slug":"m-zabinskapmr-restructuring-pl","display_name":"Magdalena \u017babi\u0144ska","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/user07-1.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/user07-1.jpg"},"0":null,"1":"","2":"","3":"","4":"","5":"","6":"","7":"","8":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12337","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12337"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12337\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12337"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12337"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12337"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=12337"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}