{"id":3241,"date":"2024-09-11T12:57:06","date_gmt":"2024-09-11T10:57:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/?p=3241"},"modified":"2025-05-19T15:37:59","modified_gmt":"2025-05-19T15:37:59","slug":"can-a-creditor-file-for-bankruptcy-of-debtor-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/can-a-creditor-file-for-bankruptcy-of-debtor-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Can a creditor file for bankruptcy of a debtor?"},"content":{"rendered":"

The basic tool for recovering receivables from the debtor is a civil lawsuit. <\/strong>Civil proceedings end with the issuance of a payment order, which is then provided with an enforcement clause. With such a payment order, the creditor can go to a bailiff, who will take steps to enforce the debt. However, it sometimes happens that enforcement by a bailiff is ineffective because the bailiff cannot locate any of the debtor's assets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Does this mean the end of the road to debt recovery?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The next step towards recovering the debt may be: bankruptcy petition<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A bankruptcy petition can be filed by the debtor or any of his personal creditors. This means that not every creditor can file for bankruptcy<\/a> debtor. For example, a mortgage creditor who is excluded from the group of authorized entities is is not<\/a> a personal creditor, but a real creditor, and may only conduct enforcement against specific assets. Furthermore, if a motion to declare bankruptcy is filed by a creditor, he should substantiate his claim in the motion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A bankruptcy petition is a procedural document that initiates the relevant proceedings, therefore it must meet the requirements set out in the Code of Civil Procedure, i.e. indicate:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. designation of the court to which it is addressed, name and surname or name of the participants (e.g. debtor, creditor-applicant), their legal representatives and proxies;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. designation of the type of document in this case will be the wording: application for declaration of bankruptcy;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. basis of the proposal;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. where it is necessary to decide on the application or statement, an indication of the facts on which the party bases its application or statement and an indication of the evidence to prove each of those facts;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. signature of the party or its legal representative or attorney;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. listing of attachments, e.g. invoices, contracts or bills, which confirm the existence of the receivable.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Additionally, an application for an announcement bankruptcy<\/a> should contain:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. the debtor\u2019s first and last name or their name and PESEL number or number in the National Court Register, and in their absence \u2013 other data enabling their unambiguous identification, place of residence or registered office, address, and if the debtor is a partnership, legal person or other organizational unit without legal personality, to which a separate act of law grants legal capacity \u2013 the first and last names of representatives, including liquidators, if appointed, and in addition, in the case of a partnership \u2013 the first and last names and place of residence of partners liable for the company\u2019s obligations without limitation with all their assets;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Tax Identification Number (NIP), if the debtor has such a number;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. indication of the place where the debtor\u2019s main centre of business is located;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. indication of the circumstances justifying the application and their plausibility;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    5. information whether the debtor is a public company<\/a> within the meaning of the provisions of the Act of 29 July 2005 on public offering and conditions for introducing financial instruments to an organised trading system and on public companies.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Podstawowym narz\u0119dziem do odzyskania swoich nale\u017cno\u015bci od d\u0142u\u017cnika jest pozew cywilny. Post\u0119powanie cywilne ko\u0144czy si\u0119 wydaniem nakazu zap\u0142aty, kt\u00f3ry nast\u0119pnie zostaje opatrzony w klauzul\u0119 wykonalno\u015bci. Z takim nakazem zap\u0142aty wierzyciel mo\u017ce uda\u0107 si\u0119 do komornika, kt\u00f3ry podejmie czynno\u015bci zmierzaj\u0105ca do egzekucji nale\u017cno\u015bci. Jednak zdarza si\u0119, \u017ce egzekucja komornicza jest nieskuteczna, gdy\u017c komornik nie mo\u017ce namierzy\u0107 \u017cadnego maj\u0105tku d\u0142u\u017cnika. Czy to oznacza koniec drogi do odzyskania nale\u017cno\u015bci? Kolejnym krokiem zmierzaj\u0105cym do odzyskania nale\u017cno\u015bci mo\u017ce by\u0107 wniosek o og\u0142oszenie upad\u0142o\u015bci. Wniosek o og\u0142oszenie upad\u0142o\u015bci mo\u017ce zg\u0142osi\u0107 d\u0142u\u017cnik lub ka\u017cdy z jego wierzycieli osobistych. Oznacza to, \u017ce nie ka\u017cdy wierzyciel mo\u017ce z\u0142o\u017cy\u0107 wniosek o og\u0142oszenie upad\u0142o\u015bci d\u0142u\u017cnika. Na przyk\u0142ad wykluczony z kr\u0119gu podmiot\u00f3w uprawnionych jest wierzyciel hipoteczny, kt\u00f3ry nie jest wierzycielem osobistym, ale rzeczowym i mo\u017ce prowadzi\u0107 egzekucj\u0119 tylko z okre\u015blonych sk\u0142adnik\u00f3w maj\u0105tku. Ponadto, je\u017celi wniosek o og\u0142oszenie upad\u0142o\u015bci zg\u0142asza wierzyciel, powinien on w sk\u0142adanym wniosku uprawdopodobni\u0107 swoj\u0105 wierzytelno\u015b\u0107. Wniosek o og\u0142oszenie upad\u0142o\u015bci jest pismem procesowym, kt\u00f3ry inicjuje stosowne post\u0119powanie, st\u0105d musi odpowiada\u0107 wymogom zawartym w Kodeksie post\u0119powania cywilnego, a wi\u0119c wskazywa\u0107: Dodatkowo wniosek o og\u0142oszenie upad\u0142o\u015bci powinien zawiera\u0107:<\/p>","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[58,23],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[30],"class_list":["post-3241","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gospodarcze","category-upadlosc-gospodarcza"],"authors":[{"term_id":30,"user_id":12,"is_guest":0,"slug":"teampmr-restructuring-pl","display_name":"Zesp\u00f3\u0142 PMR","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/logo2-e1729926426335.png","url2x":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/logo2-e1729926426335.png"},"0":null,"1":"","2":"","3":"","4":"","5":"","6":"","7":"","8":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3241","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3241"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3241\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3241"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3241"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3241"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=3241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}