{"id":5833,"date":"2018-03-26T11:44:10","date_gmt":"2018-03-26T09:44:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pmr-restrukturyzacje.local\/pmr\/upadlosc-konsumencka-bez-dlugu-ale-i-bez-majatku\/"},"modified":"2018-03-26T11:44:10","modified_gmt":"2018-03-26T09:44:10","slug":"consumer-bankruptcy-without-debt-but-also-without-assets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/consumer-bankruptcy-without-debt-but-also-without-assets\/","title":{"rendered":"Consumer bankruptcy - debt-free but also asset-free"},"content":{"rendered":"

The main goal of consumer bankruptcy is full or partial debt relief. The advantage is getting rid of debts, creditors and returning to normal life. But the price you have to pay for it is the loss of property. On consumer bankruptcy<\/a> very different people decide to do so, both the poor and the very wealthy, who have fallen into a debt spiral and are unable to get out of it.<\/p>\n

How does the process work? Instead of many individual proceedings, there is one. The court, seeking to satisfy creditors' claims, determines the composition and value of the bankruptcy estate (our assets and income) and distributes this among the creditors. If necessary, it decides on the sale of property and decides which debts can be written off. If we can show that we will pay our debts without having to get rid of our house or flat, the court can stop the sale of our assets and ask the creditors whether they agree to the arrangement.<\/p>\n

The process of liquidation of assets is carried out by a court-appointed trustee. His or her role ends when a decision is made to terminate the insolvency proceedings and to establish a plan for repayment of creditors. From then on, it is up to the court and the creditors to supervise the implementation of this plan.<\/p>\n

The court decides how much we will have to repay based on our earnings and the number of dependants. It also decides how much of our obligations will be written off after the repayment plan has been implemented. Voluntary partial repayment of debts lasts for a maximum of three years. However, the court may skip this stage altogether in the most difficult situations where you cannot afford the repayments. Debt relief is also granted without repayment of creditors. The point of consumer bankruptcy is, therefore, first and foremost to de-indebt the person who has got into trouble. The satisfaction of creditors is in the background.<\/p>\n

In order for insolvency to occur, we must indicate all assets to the trustee together with the documentation. We cannot conceal anything. Otherwise, the proceedings will be discontinued, making it impossible for us to benefit from debt relief for the next ten years. In the bankruptcy petition, we state: the composition of the assets, the cash held, the debts owed to banks and other parties, a list of all creditors, including those we are disputing. In addition, it is a good idea to include evidence of the circumstances that led to the insolvency (e.g. loss of employment). We can also submit witnesses. Finally, we must justify the application well.<\/p>\n

The court dismissed our application<\/a>, if in the past we were subject to or discontinued bankruptcy proceedings. We also have no chance of bankruptcy if in previous proceedings we did not execute the repayment plan, did not file reports, concealed sources of income, provided false or incomplete data in the application. The same awaits us if, while running a business, we did not file bankruptcy petition<\/a>, even though we had such an obligation.<\/p>\n

\n- Institution consumer bankruptcy<\/a> was introduced by the Act of 5 December 2008. It was available to people whose insolvency was caused by exceptional circumstances \u2013 says Ma\u0142gorzata Anisimowicz, president of the PMR law firm Restructuring<\/a>.<\/p>\n

- At the end of December 2014, bankruptcy became a consumer right. Two debt relief modes were introduced. In the first, debt relief follows the end of the proceedings and is provided for the most vulnerable. The second mode relieves the debtor of his or her obligations if he or she pays part of the debt for a certain period of time (not more than 36 months). An argument in favour of using the consumer bankruptcy provisions is the low costs. The application fee is PLN 30 and the costs of the trustee (from one quarter of the average salary after it is doubled) are lower than the costs of a bailiff. The inconvenience that the consumer has to reckon with is the necessity to liquidate the assets.\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\nThe material appeared in the Rzeczpospolita newspaper:
\n<\/b>
\n22 March 2018:
\n\" No debts, but also no assets<\/a>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

G\u0142\u00f3wnym celem upad\u0142o\u015bci konsumenckiej jest ca\u0142kowite lub cz\u0119\u015bciowe odd\u0142u\u017cenie. Plusem jest pozbycie si\u0119 d\u0142ug\u00f3w, wierzycieli i powr\u00f3t do normalnego \u017cycia. Ale cen\u0105, jak\u0105 trzeba za to zap\u0142aci\u0107, jest utrata maj\u0105tku. Na upad\u0142o\u015b\u0107 konsumenck\u0105 decyduj\u0105 si\u0119 bardzo r\u00f3\u017cni ludzie, zar\u00f3wno biedni, jak i bardzo zamo\u017cni, kt\u00f3rzy wpadli w spiral\u0119 zad\u0142u\u017cenia i nie potrafi\u0105 z niej wyj\u015b\u0107. Jak przebiega ten proces? Zamiast wielu indywidualnych post\u0119powa\u0144 jest jedno. S\u0105d, d\u0105\u017c\u0105c do zaspokojenia roszcze\u0144 wierzycieli, ustala sk\u0142ad i warto\u015b\u0107 masy upad\u0142o\u015bci (naszego maj\u0105tku i dochod\u00f3w) i dzieli to mi\u0119dzy wierzycieli. W razie konieczno\u015bci decyduje o sprzeda\u017cy nieruchomo\u015bci i rozstrzyga, kt\u00f3re d\u0142ugi mo\u017cna umorzy\u0107. Je\u017celi potrafimy wykaza\u0107, \u017ce sp\u0142acimy d\u0142ug bez konieczno\u015bci pozbywania si\u0119 domu lub mieszkania, s\u0105d mo\u017ce wstrzyma\u0107 sprzeda\u017c naszego maj\u0105tku i zapyta\u0107 wierzycieli, czy zgadzaj\u0105si\u0119 na uk\u0142ad. Proces likwidacji maj\u0105tku przeprowadza syndyk wyznaczony przez s\u0105d. Jego rola ko\u0144czy si\u0119 w momencie wydania postanowienia o zako\u0144czeniu post\u0119powania upad\u0142o\u015bciowego i ustalenia planu sp\u0142aty wierzycieli. Od tej chwili nadz\u00f3r nad wykonaniem tego planu nale\u017cy do s\u0105du i wierzycieli. O tym, jak\u0105 kwot\u0119 b\u0119dziemy musieli sp\u0142aci\u0107, decyduje s\u0105d na podstawie naszych zarobk\u00f3w i liczby os\u00f3b na utrzymaniu. Rozstrzyga te\u017c, jaka cz\u0119\u0107naszych zobowi\u0105za\u0144 po wykonaniu planu sp\u0142aty zostanie umorzona. Dobrowolna, cz\u0119\u015bciowa sp\u0142ata zobowi\u0105za\u0144 trwa maksymalnie trzy lata. S\u0105d mo\u017ce jednak ca\u0142kowicie pomin\u0105\u0107 ten etap w najtrudniejszych sytuacjachm gdy nie sta\u0107 nas na regulowanie sp\u0142at. Odd\u0142u\u017cenie nast\u0119puje r\u00f3wnie\u017c w\u00f3wczas bez sp\u0142aty wierzycieli. Sensem upad\u0142o\u015bci konsumenckiej jest wi\u0119c przede wszystkim odd\u0142u\u017cenie osoby, kt\u00f3ra wpad\u0142a w k\u0142opoty. Zaspokojenie wierzycieli jest na drugim planie. Aby dosz\u0142o do upad\u0142o\u015bci, musimy wskaza\u0107 syndykowi ca\u0142y maj\u0105tek w raz z dokumentacj\u0105. Nie mo\u017cemy niczego zatai\u0107. W przeciwnym razie post\u0119powanie zostanie umorzone, co uniemo\u017cliwi nam korzystanie z odd\u0142u\u017cenia przez nast\u0119pne dziesi\u0119\u0107 lat. We wniosku o upad\u0142o\u015b\u0107 podajemy: sk\u0142ad maj\u0105tku, posiadane \u015brodki pieni\u0119\u017cne, nale\u017cno\u015bci wobec bank\u00f3w i innych podmiot\u00f3w, spis wszystkich wierzycieli, w tym r\u00f3wnie\u017c tych, kt\u00f3rych kwestionujemy. Dodatkowo warto do\u0142\u0105czy\u0107 dowody potwierdzaj\u0105ce okoliczno\u015bci, kt\u00f3re doprowadzi\u0142y do niewyp\u0142acalno\u015bci (np. utrata pracy). Mo\u017cemy r\u00f3wnie\u017c zg\u0142osi\u0107 \u015bwiadk\u00f3w. Na koniec wniosek musimy dobrze uzasadni\u0107. S\u0105d oddali nasz wniosek, je\u015bli w przesz\u0142o\u015bci w stosunku do nas by\u0142o prowadzone lub umorzone post\u0119powanie upad\u0142o\u015bciwoe. Nie mamy te\u017cszans na upad\u0142o\u015b\u0107, je\u015bli we wcze\u015bniejszym post\u0119powaniu nie wykonali\u015bmy planu sp\u0142aty, nie sk\u0142adali\u015bmy sprawozda\u0144, zataili\u015bmy \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a przychod\u00f3w, we wniosku podali\u015bmy nieprawdziwe lub niepe\u0142ne dane. To samo nas czeka, je\u015bli prowadz\u0105c przedsi\u0119biorstwo nie z\u0142o\u017cyli\u015bmy wniosku o upad\u0142o\u015b\u0107, cho\u0107 mieli\u015bmy taki obowi\u0105zek. – Instytucja upad\u0142o\u015bci konsumenckiej zosta\u0142a wprowadzona ustaw\u0105 z 5 grudnia 2008r. Mog\u0142y z niej skorzysta\u0107 osoby, kt\u00f3rych niewyp\u0142acalno\u015b\u0107 powsta\u0142a na skutek wyj\u0105tkowych okoliczno\u015bci – m\u00f3wi Ma\u0142gorzata Anisimowicz, prezes kancelarii PMR Restrukturyzacje. – Pod koniec grudnia 2014r. upad\u0142o\u015b\u0107 sta\u0142a si\u0119 prawem konsumenta. Wprowadzono dwa tryby odd\u0142u\u017ceniowe. W pierwszym odd\u0142u\u017cenie nast\u0119puje po sko\u0144czeniu post\u0119powania i jest przewidziane dla os\u00f3b w najtrudniejszej sytuacji. Drugi tryb zwalnia d\u0142u\u017cnika z zobowi\u0105za\u0144, je\u015bli przez okre\u015blony czas (nie d\u0142u\u017cszy ni\u017c 36 miesi\u0119cy) b\u0119dzie regulowa\u0142 cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 zad\u0142u\u017cenia. Argumentem przemawiaj\u0105cym za stosowaniem przepis\u00f3w o upad\u0142o\u015bci konsumenckiej s\u0105 niskie koszty. Op\u0142ata za wniosek wynosi 30z\u0142, a koszty syndyka (od jednej czwartej \u015bredniego wynagrodzenia po jego dwukrotno\u015bci) s\u0105 ni\u017csze ni\u017c koszty komornika. Niedogodno\u015bci\u0105, z jak\u0105 musi liczy\u0107 si\u0119 konsument, jest koniecznoi\u015b\u0107 likwidacji maj\u0105tku. Materia\u0142 ukaza\u0142 si\u0119 w gazecie Rzeczpospolita: dnia 22 marca 2018: \u00bb Bez d\u0142ug\u00f3w, ale te\u017c bez maj\u0105tku<\/p>","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[30],"class_list":["post-5833","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog"],"authors":[{"term_id":30,"user_id":12,"is_guest":0,"slug":"teampmr-restructuring-pl","display_name":"Zesp\u00f3\u0142 PMR","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/logo2-e1729926426335.png","url2x":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/logo2-e1729926426335.png"},"0":null,"1":"","2":"","3":"","4":"","5":"","6":"","7":"","8":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5833","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5833"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5833\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5833"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5833"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5833"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pmrsa.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=5833"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}